In 1531, Peter Apian, a Renaissance astronomer, made a drawing that included stars, constellations and comet tails. This drawing was reproduced in an astronomy text using halftone dots. As the reproduction was enlarged on a photocopier, the dots became very visible and actually represented deep outer space. That dot pattern was inflated, painstakingly reproduced and then numbered according to the number sequence in Pi. The hues were determined by numbering the colors of the spectrum from 0 to 9 where 0 is black.
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